hypergolic fuel การใช้

• If the fuel and oxidizer are hypergolic, they burn on contact; non-hypergolic fuels require an igniter.
• Another change was to introduce an ignitor using a hypergolic fuel in place of the solid fuel versions of earlier designs.
• In the 1940s, the Russians began to start engines with hypergolic fuel, then switch over to the primary propellants after ignition.
• By early 1943, the Truax group had developed a thrust JATO using hypergolic fuel before the introduction of solid fuel JATO units.
• These were hypergolic fuels which burn on contact, avoiding the need for an ignition system, and can be stored at ambient temperatures.
• The most common hypergolic fuels, hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, and oxidizer, nitrogen tetroxide, are all liquid at ordinary temperatures and pressures.
• The Atlas booster had been modified since the previous flight, and now included baffled fuel injectors and a new hypergolic fuel igniter instead of the original pyrotechnic igniter.
• This had the stronger rocket engine design team including the use of hypergolic fuels but following the Nedelin catastrophe in 1960 Yangel was directed to concentrate on ICBM development.
• Many other tactical issues faced the JG 400 pilots apart from the inherent chemical instability of the aircraft's propulsion system and its hypergolic fuel / oxidizer combination.
• At first, Yangel s facility served to mass-produce and further develop intercontinental ballistic missiles ( ICBMs ) in which area Yangel was a pioneer of storeable hypergolic fuels.
• The missile launch area also contained a separate fueling area surrounded by a large berm, a required safety precaution given the hypergolic fuels, and a variety of service areas.
• Energia also replaced the " Vulkan " concept, which was a design based on the Proton rocket and using the same toxic hypergolic fuels, but much larger and more powerful.
• It is believed that hypergolic fuel may have leaked past valves in the system during the cruise to Mars, allowing the fuel and oxidizer to combine prematurely before reaching the combustion chamber.
• This hypergolic mixture was forced into the combustion chamber by pressurizing the fuel tanks with nitrogen gas released from another tank . " Wasserfall " was to be launched from rocket bases ( code-named " Vesuvius " ) that could tolerate leaked hypergolic fuels in the event of a launch problem.
• Since all the manoeuvring engines in the HL-42 itself used non-toxic methane fuel and liquid oxygen ( rather than the toxic hypergolic fuels of the Shuttle ) there would be no need for a runway " safing " procedure after any of these emergency landings, and less danger in a crash-landing.
• The combination of the C-Stoff, used as a rocket fuel, with the T-Stoff used as the oxidizer, often resulted in spontaneous explosion from their combined nature as a hypergolic fuel combination, necessitating strict hygiene in fueling operations; there were numerous catastrophic explosions of the Messerschmitt Me 163 aircraft that employed this fuel system.
• Heavy variants of Angara will be simpler and cheaper than Proton ( and like the Atlas V rocket, will not use hypergolic fuels; instead, it will use the same RP-1 fuel as that used on the KVTK stage, and will already have a LOX supply at the pad; only a hydrogen supply will be called upon.
• Glushko's first act, after firing Mishin altogether, was to cancel the N-1 rocket, a program he had long criticized, despite the fact that one of the reasons for its difficulties was his own refusal to design the high power engines Korolev needed because of friction between the two men and ostensibly a disagreement over the use of cryogenic or hypergolic fuel.
• Also, Glushko's design bureau consistently failed at building a rocket engine powered by LOX / Kerosene with a large combustion chamber to rival the American F1 used on the Saturn V; instead, his solution was the RD-270, a single large combustion-chamber engine powered by hypergolic fuels which had almost the same thrust and better specific impulse as compared to the US F-1 rocket engine in addition to using the very advanced full-flow staged combustion concept as opposed to the simple gas generator cycle used by the F-1 rocket engine.